Computer digital control machine tool is a kind of automatic machine tool equipped with program control system. The control system can logically process and decode the program specified by the control code or other symbolic instructions, so as to make the machine move and process parts. English abbreviation CNC, also known as CNC machine tools.
Features: Compared with ordinary machine tools, CNC machine tools have the following characteristics
High processing precision, with stable processing quality.
Can be multi - coordinate linkage, can process the shape of complex parts.
Machining parts change, generally only need to change the numerical control program, can save production preparation time.
The machine itself has high precision, large rigidity, can choose favorable processing dosage, high productivity.
Machine tool automation is high, can reduce the labor intensity.
The quality requirements of the operators are higher, and the technical requirements of the maintenance personnel are higher.
Working Principle of CNC
Numerical control machine tools generally consist of the following parts
Host, it is the main body of CNC machine tools, including machine body, column, spindle, feed mechanism and other mechanical components. It is used to complete all kinds of cutting machine parts.
Numerical control device, is the core of numerical control machine tool, including hardware (printed circuit board, CRT display, key box, paper tape reader, etc.) and the corresponding software, used for input digital parts program, and complete the input information storage, data transformation, interpolation operation and realize various control functions.
Driving device, it is the driving parts of CNC machine tool actuator, including spindle drive unit, feed unit, spindle motor and feed motor, etc. It realizes the spindle and feed drive by the electrical or electro-hydraulic servo system under the control of the numerical control device. When several feed linkage, can be completed positioning, line, plane curve and space curve processing.
Auxiliary device, some necessary supporting parts of exponential control machine tools to ensure the operation of CNC machine tools, such as cooling, chip removal, lubrication, lighting, monitoring, etc.
It includes hydraulic and pneumatic devices, chip removal devices, exchange table, numerical control turntable and numerical control indexing head, but also includes tools and monitoring and testing devices.
Programming and other ancillary equipment can be used to program and store parts outside the machine.
According to the relative position of spindle and worktable classification
(1) horizontal machining center: refers to the spindle axis and the table parallel set of the processing center, mainly suitable for processing box parts.
Horizontal machining center generally has a dividing turntable or numerical control turntable, can process each side of the workpiece.It can also be used for joint motion of multiple coordinates in order to process complex space surfaces.
(2) vertical machining center: refers to the spindle axis and the table vertical setting of the machining center, mainly suitable for processing plate, plate, mold and small shell complex parts.
Vertical machining centers generally do not take a turntable, there are also turntables. Only the top surface processing.
In addition, there are two vertical, horizontal spindle compound machining center, and the spindle can be adjusted into a horizontal axis or vertical axis vertical horizontal adjustable machining center, they can be five aspects of the workpiece processing.
In addition, there are two vertical, horizontal spindle compound machining center, and the spindle can be adjusted into a horizontal axis or vertical axis vertical horizontal adjustable machining center, they can be five aspects of the workpiece processing.
(3) universal machining center : refers to the machining spindle axis and table rotation axis Angle can control the linkage change, complete the complex space surface processing processing center. It is suitable for machining impeller rotor, die, cutting tool and other workpiece with complex space curved surface.
